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The Hebrew term ''lashon hara'' (or ''loshon hora'') (Hebrew לשון הרע; "evil tongue") is the halakhic term for derogatory speech about another person.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Judaism 101: Speech and Lashon Ha-Ra )〕 ''Lashon hara'' differs from defamation in that its focus is on the use of true speech for a wrongful purpose, rather than falsehood and harm arising. Speech is considered to be ''lashon hara'' if it says something negative about a person or party, is not previously known to the public, is not seriously intended to correct or improve a negative situation, and is true. Statements that fit this description are considered to be ''lashon hara'', regardless of the method of communication that is used, whether it is through face-to-face conversation, a letter, telephone, or email, or even body language. ''Lashon hara'' (lit. "evil tongue") is considered to be a very serious sin in the Jewish tradition. The communicator of Lashon Hara (and rechilut) violates the prohibition of "Lo telech rachil b'ameicha ()." By contrast, ''hotzaat shem ra'' ("spreading a bad name"), also called ''hotzaat diba'', or ''motzi shem ra'' (lit. "putting out a bad name") consists of untrue remarks, and is best translated as "slander" or "defamation". ''Hotzaat shem ra'' is worse, and consequentially an even graver sin, than ''lashon hara''.〔 And the act of gossiping is called ''rechilut'', and is also forbidden by Jewish law.〔 ==Etymology== The noun ''lashon'', "tongue", followed by the definite article ''ha'' and the adjective ''ra'', "evil". The Hebrew noun ''lashon'' means "tongue", and as in many languages, "speech" or "language". The phrase is generally translated as "evil speech". The term corresponds to the idea of an evil tongue in other cultures, such as the Latin ''mala lingua'',〔A Commentary on Catullus - Page 19 Robinson Ellis - 2010 re the Virgilian motto: " "baccare frontem cingite, ne vati noceat mala lingua futuro" .... would seem to show that the notion of witchcraft was originally that of the evil tongue (mala lingua) rather than the evil eye."〕 the French ''mauvaise langue'',〔John A. Lent -Third World mass media and their search for modernity Page 179 1977 "Lewis, writing about the features of West Indian society that make it more traditional than modern, delineated a number of interpersonal communications traits: Passion for intrigue; malicious gossip, the famous Trinidad mauvaise langue〕〔Caroline Sweetman Men and masculinity - Page 50 1997 "... to less acceptable but more aggressive methods of power enforcement such as spreading malicious rumours or mauvais langue".〕 and the Spanish mala lengua.〔Cuban-American literature and art: negotiating identities - Page 24 Isabel Álvarez-Borland, Lynette M. F. Bosch - 2009 "The difference between the two organs is that whereas the diseased body is put in the care of medical specialists, responsibility for the ailing tongue, for la mala lengua, rests with the speaker alone. The only treatment available to ..."〕〔Cassell's Spanish dictionary: Spanish-English, English-Spanish Edgar Allison Peers - 1968〕〔''Speaking for themselves: Neomexicano cultural identity'' Doris Meyer - 1996 "An article entitled "La lengua" (tongue ), appearing about the same time in El Nuevo Mundo (18, 1899 ), begins with the traditional equation between moral character and probity of speech. The image of a "mala lengua" (tongue )"〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lashon hara」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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